Measure your emissions to the standard a verifier accepts.
From a free estimate on screen in minutes to a full inventory to ISO 14064-1, reduction projects to ISO 14064-2 and product footprints to ISO 14067. Every tonne traced to its source, its factor and the year that factor was published.
The real output of KAMA’s engine, for an invented company used for demonstration.
Scopes of the GHG Protocol, and categories of ISO 14064-1
A customer abroad asks in Scopes; an auditor and the standard ask in categories. KAMA labels every source with both at once, so the same total reads the same either way and nothing is counted twice.
How they meet
- Scope 1 is ISO category 1: fuel you burn, gases that leak, your own processes.
- Scope 2 is ISO category 2: the electricity and energy you buy.
- Scope 3 spreads across ISO categories 3 to 6: transport, what you buy, what you sell, and the rest.
- Each line in a KAMA report carries its Scope, its ISO category and subcategory together.
Every category, every subcategory, and what it holds
The sources a KAMA inventory counts, each under its ISO 14064-1 subcategory with its place in the GHG Protocol beside it; where the two frameworks genuinely differ, it is said in one sentence.
Direct emissions and removals
- Fuel burned in fixed equipment (generators, boilers, furnaces)Scope 1
- Fuel burned by the organization’s own vehicles and mobile machinesScope 1
- Emissions from industrial processes and chemical reactionsScope 1
- Refrigerant and air-conditioning gas lossesScope 1
- SF₆ losses from switchgear and electrical equipmentScope 1
- Fire-suppression gas dischargesScope 1
- Methane from on-site wastewater treatment and septic tanksScope 1
- Land use, land-use change and forestry on the organization’s landScope 1The GHG Protocol reports land-sector emissions and removals apart from the scope totals; ISO counts them in category 1 and reports removals separately.
Indirect emissions from imported energy
- Purchased electricityScope 2
- Purchased steam, heat, district cooling and compressed airScope 2
Indirect emissions from transportation
- Transport of purchased goods to the organizationScope 3 · category 4: Upstream transportation and distribution
- Transport and distribution of the organization’s productsScope 3 · category 9: Downstream transportation and distribution
- Employee commutingScope 3 · category 7: Employee commuting
- Transport of clients and visitorsScope 3 · outside the fifteen categoriesThe GHG Protocol has no category for visitors’ travel; it is optional there, and is shown under Scope 3 outside its fifteen categories.
- Business travel and hotel staysScope 3 · category 6: Business travel
Indirect emissions from products the organization uses
- Purchased goods and materialsScope 3 · category 1: Purchased goods and services
- Upstream emissions of purchased fuel and energy, and grid lossesScope 3 · category 3: Fuel- and energy-related activities
- Water supplied to the organizationScope 3 · category 1: Purchased goods and services
- Capital goodsScope 3 · category 2: Capital goods
- Waste and wastewater treated by othersScope 3 · category 5: Waste generated in operations
- Assets the organization leases inScope 3 · category 8: Upstream leased assets
- Purchased servicesScope 3 · category 1: Purchased goods and services
Indirect emissions from the use of the organization’s products
- Further processing of intermediate products the organization sellsScope 3 · category 10: Processing of sold products
- Use of the organization’s products by its customersScope 3 · category 11: Use of sold products
- Assets the organization leases outScope 3 · category 13: Downstream leased assets
- FranchisesScope 3 · category 14: Franchises
- End of life of the organization’s productsScope 3 · category 12: End-of-life treatment of sold products
- InvestmentsScope 3 · category 15: Investments
Indirect emissions from other sources
- Other indirect emissions specific to the organizationScope 3 · outside the fifteen categoriesShown under Scope 3 outside its fifteen categories.
From an invoice to a tonne
Every line of a KAMA inventory is one equation, gas by gas, with the factor’s publisher and year beside it. Here is one line of the demonstration, exactly as the engine works it.
activity data × emission factor × global warming potential
Diesel in company vehicles · 30,000 litres
Factor: UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ), conversion factors 2026, per litre. Warming potentials: IPCC AR6 WG1, Table 7.15.
| Gas | AD × EF (kg/L) | kg of gas | GWP | kg CO₂e |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ | 30,000 × 2.62818 | 78,845.4 | × 1 | 78,845.4 |
| CH₄ | 30,000 × 1.036e-5 | 0.311 | × 27 | 8.4 |
| N₂O | 30,000 × 1.248e-4 | 3.745 | × 273 | 1,022.4 |
| Total | 79,876.1 = 79.88 t |
Methane from burning fuel takes the non-fossil value (27, not 29.8): the CO₂ factor already counts all of the fuel’s carbon, and the higher value would count part of it twice. That is the GHG Protocol’s own advice (2024).
Where every tonne comes from, and where it belongs
Each source flows to its Scope, its ISO subcategory and its category, with tonnes and shares on every band. 742 t CO₂e for the demonstration company: the chart below is the engine’s own drawing, the same one a client’s report carries.
The fifteen categories of the value chain
For most organizations Scope 3 is the largest share, and the one a customer abroad asks about first. A full inventory screens all fifteen, decides which are significant by a stated method, and says why the rest are left out.
Upstream
- 1Purchased goods and services
- 2Capital goods
- 3Fuel- and energy-related activities
- 4Upstream transportation and distribution
- 5Waste generated in operations
- 6Business travel
- 7Employee commuting
- 8Upstream leased assets
Downstream
- 9Downstream transportation and distribution
- 10Processing of sold products
- 11Use of sold products
- 12End-of-life treatment of sold products
- 13Downstream leased assets
- 14Franchises
- 15Investments
The gases, the warming potentials and the factors
Global warming potentials (100 years)
| Gas | AR6 | AR5 |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide · CO₂ | 1 | 1 |
| Methane, fossil · CH₄ | 29.8 | 30 |
| Methane, non-fossil · CH₄ | 27 | 28 |
| Nitrous oxide · N₂O | 273 | 265 |
| HFC-32 | 771 | 677 |
| HFC-134a | 1,530 | 1,300 |
| R-410A (blend) | 2,255.5 | 1,923.5 |
| Sulphur hexafluoride · SF₆ | 24,300 | 23,500 |
| Nitrogen trifluoride · NF₃ | 17,400 | 16,100 |
IPCC AR6 WG1 Chapter 7, Table 7.15 and 7.SM.7; AR5 WG1 Chapter 8. AR6 is the default, as the GHG Protocol recommends; AR5 when a client’s regulator asks for it. A refrigerant blend is computed from its components, never stored.
Whose factor, in what order
The client chooses the source; where it publishes nothing for an activity, the next is used and the report says so.
Your country’s official factors
Grid electricity for 202 countries, each with its publisher and year.
IPCC 2006
The international defaults, per unit of energy.
UK DESNZ
Published gas by gas for the unit on your invoice.
Never a guess
No factor for an activity? It is refused and named, not estimated. Another country’s grid is never used for yours.
Three services, each built to its standard
ISO 14064-1
Organizational GHG inventory
Every source at every site, by Scope and by category.
- The inventory manual and its boundaries
- The source register, and the activity data and factor register
- The quantification methodology and the significance of indirect emissions
- A base year and its recalculation rule, and the uncertainty assessment
- The inventory report, with everything the standard requires
ISO 14064-2
Emission reduction projects
A project that reduces or removes emissions, with a documented baseline.
- The project plan and the register of sources, sinks and reservoirs
- The baseline report
- The monitoring plan and the data quality procedure
- The project report and the verification arrangements
ISO 14067
Product carbon footprint
A product’s footprint across its life cycle, for a customer, a tender or a label.
- The goal and scope of the study
- The life-cycle inventory register
- The footprint study report
- The critical review record
An estimate, an inventory, and a verified statement
| Free estimate | Full inventory · ISO 14064-1 | Verified statement | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who does it | You, on the page | KAMA with your team | An independent verification body you engage |
| Sources counted | Electricity, fuel, refrigerant, air travel | Every source at every site | As the inventory |
| Scope 3 | Air travel only | All 15 categories screened | As the inventory |
| Evidence for each figure | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| Base year and uncertainty | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| Fit for CDP, a tender or a customer | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| Independent assurance | — | — | ✓ |
KAMA prepares; it never verifies what it prepares. Until a verifier’s opinion is uploaded, a KAMA report says “not verified”.
Who is already asking for these figures
The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism · CBAM
- 2023 – 2025
Transitional period: importers report the embedded emissions of what they bring in.
- 1 Jan 2026
The definitive period applies to cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen.
- Oct 2025
Simplified: importers of 50 tonnes or less a year of those goods are exempt; the rest still covers over 99% of the emissions.
- 1 Feb 2027
CBAM certificates go on sale. A supplier’s own measured emissions can replace the EU’s default values.
Disclosure, at home and in the market
- 2060
Saudi Arabia’s net-zero target, with the Saudi Green Initiative’s aim to cut 278 million tonnes CO₂e a year by 2030.
- 2021
The Saudi Exchange’s ESG Disclosure Guidelines for listed companies, voluntary.
- 2021
Egypt’s Financial Regulatory Authority, decrees 107 and 108: ESG disclosure for listed and larger financial companies, with climate (TCFD) reporting above EGP 500 million.
- IFRS S2
The ISSB’s climate standard asks for Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions measured to the GHG Protocol: the language investors and banks now use.
Sources: European Commission and Council of the EU (CBAM, Regulation (EU) 2025/2083); Saudi Green Initiative; Saudi Exchange; FRA Egypt; IFRS Foundation. Checked 8 October 2026.
Six steps, from the estimate to the verifier
The free estimate
You start on the page with no commitment, and learn the size of your footprint and its largest sources.
The quote
You ask for a quote for the service you need, and receive its papers in full.
Your data in one file
Consumption, sites, vehicles and equipment in one workbook, with your invoices and meter readings, every row tied to its evidence.
Calculated with the source you choose
Your country’s official factors first, or IPCC 2006, or UK DESNZ, and every exception stated in the report.
The report
In professional English, with Arabic on request. Your management approves it, and its figures are fixed once approved.
Independent verification
A verification body you engage; the report says “not verified” until its opinion is uploaded.
What clients ask first
What is the difference between a Scope and a category?
The three Scopes come from the GHG Protocol; the six categories from ISO 14064-1. They divide the same emissions two ways, and a KAMA report shows both.
Do we need Scope 3?
Most customers abroad and disclosure frameworks such as IFRS S2 and CDP ask for it. A full inventory screens its fifteen categories and decides which are significant by a stated method.
Is the free estimate enough for CDP or a customer?
No. It counts a limited set of sources, with no evidence and no base year; it tells you the size and the largest sources. What goes to an outside party is the full inventory.
Which warming potentials do you use?
IPCC AR6 by default, AR5 where a regulator asks for it, each value with its reference.
Who verifies the inventory?
An independent verification body you engage. KAMA prepares and never verifies what it prepares; it uses ISO 14064-3 only to guide your own internal review.
What data do we need?
Electricity and fuel invoices, refrigerant top-up records, vehicles and equipment, travel, and purchasing data for Scope 3, all in one workbook with your files as they are.
Know your footprint now
The estimate is free and the result is instant. For the full footprint, request a quote from the same page.
info@kama-ksa.com · +966 54 415 2456